Problem Action Consequence Technique-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You are required to investigate the Ethical Dilemma you have Identified above utilizing the Problem-Action-Consequence Technique (PACT). Answer: Presentation The contextual analysis that has been portrayed in the YouTube video presents the circumstance of an un-tried framework that is being passed for go-live. The test director related with the undertaking is Ken and he has been educated about the arrival of the framework in the untested state according to the requests by the venture customer and partners. Ken will not acknowledge the choice as he comprehends the unfriendly ramifications of such a stage over the long haul (Youtube, 2017). Moral Problems The undertaking plan encountered different changes during the course of events of the task. The venture customer has again set up a solicitation to get the last arrival of the framework before the first cutoff time. Because of such changes in the venture plan, framework testing has not been finished. There are sure modules of the framework that are still in the un-tried express that may raise useful mistakes and non-utilitarian imperfections during the utilization of the framework by the end client. The undertaking lifecycle includes a progression of steps. A portion of these means are obligatory and amazingly noteworthy in nature. Framework testing is one of such eliminates that must be conveyed. For this situation, the arrival of the framework would prompt framework conveyance in an untested express that may raise the issues of framework deserts that may prompt execution and quality issues for the clients (Bostrom, 2013). There might be operational mistakes that may likewise be experienced by the end-clients. Set of Actions The senior administration has chosen to convey the framework in the untested state. The framework may have certain deformities and the activity may affect the partners related with the framework in the accompanying way. Customer: The undertaking customer won't have the option to encounter the ideal functionalities and advantages because of the imperfections present in the framework. End Users: The client commitment and fulfillment levels will be low. Undertaking Team Members: The task group will be considered responsible for the deformities in the framework and their exhibition will be addressed by the top administration. Elective Actions according to Ethics There are sure activities that the undertaking group may take as opposed to concurring with the interest of the venture customer to convey the framework before its due cutoff time. One of the fundamental advances that ought to have been taken is the undertaking estimations during the arranging period of the venture. The customer necessities and desires experienced incessant changes and hence, the estimations ought to have been done in like manner (Peslak, 2007). Following are the arrangement of moves that Ken may make during the course of events of the task. Concurring with the senior administration to satisfy the client need by conveying untested framework. Acquiescence from the organization Readiness and clarification of the introduction before the senior administration depicting a point by point record of the ramifications of the choice to proceed with the untested framework conveyance. Results of the Action Moral measures and rules must be trailed by the colleagues of the venture during the undertaking execution (Schultz, 2010). There is a characterized arrangement of steps that must be followed in a task course of events that include arranging, execution, usage testing, control and conclusion. These stages must be executed by holding fast to the expert and moral sets of principles. For the situation study, the senior administration is happy to pass up the testing stage so as to meet the client desires without telling the client about such an issue. There are distinctive moral hypotheses that have been applied to comprehend the moral outcomes of such an activity. Moral hypothesis of Consequentialism is a regularizing hypothesis that assesses the follow up based on the arrangement of the results. In the event that the results are assessed as positive in nature and helpful to all then the demonstration is named as moral and the other way around (Dorsey, 2012). The outcomes of the activity for this situation will incorporate the diminished consumer loyalty and commitment due to the operational and execution issues in the framework, weakened group and authoritative notoriety alongside misfortunes experienced by the venture customer. Because of these results, the demonstration is named as wrong on the moral grounds and standards of this hypothesis (Slote, 2008). Deontology morals is a regularizing moral hypothesis that assesses the moral rightness based on the guidelines that are characterized for a specific assignment or an action. According to the standards of a business venture, there are sure eliminates that must be conveyed before conveyance the task to the customer. For this situation, the administration is eager to pass up the testing stage without telling the undertaking customer about such a choice. There is a reasonable non-adherence to the characterized decides that is watched. Because of these reasons, the demonstration is named as erroneous on the moral grounds and standards of this hypothesis (Gaus, 2001). There are sure ideals and qualities that are seen in the situation as depicted for the situation study. A portion of these attributes incorporate egotistical interests before the enthusiasm of the customer, deceptive nature and inadequacy. These attributes are negative in nature and consequently, the demonstration is named as dishonest according to the hypothesis of Virtue Ethics (Carr, 2004). Suggested Steps There are three alternatives suggested that might be taken by the task group, Test Manager and senior administration. The choice suggested as a move that will be made is the last one that says that the Test Manager must present the arrangement of results that may occur because of the conveyance of untested framework to the venture customer. There might be operational and execution gives that may come up as a result. Additionally, there might be security vulnerabilities that might be available in the framework that may have a very antagonistic ramifications. All of such issues must be disclosed by Ken to the senior administration which will at that point be educated to the undertaking customer. There will be extra assets that must be remembered for the group to accelerate the testing procedure to convey the undertaking before the first cutoff time. As such, the entirety of the task stages will be executed and the customer desires will likewise be met. References Bostrom, N. (2013). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Recovered 30 November 2017, from https://intelligence.org/records/EthicsofAI.pdf Carr, D. (2004). Ideals Ethics and Moral Education. Recovered 30 November 2017, from https://ebook.umaha.ac.id/E-BOOK%20ON%20EDUCATION/RELATIONSHIP%20BEETWEN%20EDUC%20_%20MORAL,%20ETHIC,%20RELIGION,%20TRUTH,%20_%20PHILOSOPHY/VIRTUE%20ETHICS%20_%20MORAL%20EDUC,%20David%20Carr.pdf Dorsey, D. (2012). Consequentialism, Cognitive Limitations, and Moral Theory. Recovered 30 November 2017, from https://people.ku.edu/~ddorsey/agency.pdf Gaus, G. (2001). What is Deontology?, Part One: Orthodox Viewsa. Recovered 30 November 2017, from https://www.gaus.biz/deontology1.pdf Peslak, A. (2007). Data innovation protected innovation morals: issues and investigation. Recovered 30 November 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/70ab/477752c78990466179afd38446bcbce97601.pdf Schultz, R. (2010). The Role of IT in the Ethics of Globalization. Recovered 30 November 2017, from https://iisit.org/Vol7/IISITv7p353-368Schultz729.pdf Slote, M. (2008). Satisficing Consequentialism. Recovered 30 November 2017, from https://www.princeton.edu/~ppettit/papers/1984/Satisficing%20Consequentialism.pdf Youtube. (2017). A predicament in IT: Select activity end of video and see its result. YouTube. Recovered 13 August 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mugeCY3vbxo

Explain why effective communicating in developing positive relationships is important Essay

Clarify why viable conveying in creating constructive associations with kids, youngsters and grown-ups is significant Compelling correspondence is significant with kids since it encourages them to feel esteemed. It gives them that their advantages and suppositions are tuned in to. At the point when we tune in and speak with kids, this gives them progressively self-assurance and it additionally assists with expanding their confidence, both of these being so significant for their future. The youngster we are speaking with necessities to feel calm and be allowed the chance to convey back with solace and certainty. Youngsters need to have good examples, they have to comprehend that these individuals eg.teachers , homeroom aides or school standards must be listened as well, regarded and complied. Discussing plainly with youngsters (either providing orders or basically lauding them) assists with setting up this, and consequently, ideally you will fabricated trust and regard. This is essential if a youngster needs to trust in us with respect to parts of their life which might be disturbing them. Eg harassing, family life or perhaps having negative inclination. As kids gradually figure out how to regard you, it should assist with growing how they speak with others. It permits them to create and arrive at their most extreme potential as they figure out how to trade data. Relationship issues can create when there is an absence of correspondence, or don’t have what it takes to convey adequately. These aptitudes include:â good listening skillsâ using the word â€Å"I† eg I might want you to let me know †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. utilizing the child’s name †this makes things more personalâ speaking in an in any event, toneâ using short sentencesâ giving short and clear instructionsâ open non-verbal communication We can impart in various manners: - The manner in which we talk †manner of speaking, lucidity and so on - Gestures †pointing, hand developments and so on - Body language †arms collapsed and so on - Facial articulations †furious, grinning etx Viable correspondence is significant for the smooth running of any circumstance.

Kellogs Case Essay

Utilizing two inspiration hypotheses of your decision, clarify a) the likenesses and the b) contrasts between the two speculations. Among the different inspiration hypotheses, I picked Herzberg’s hypothesis of inspiration and Maslow’s chain of importance of necessities. a) Similarities Herzberg is the individual answerable for the introduction of the two-dimensional worldview of components influencing people’s perspectives about work. This is here and there called the two-factor hypothesis. The variables included are: cleanliness components and sparks. The nearness of cleanliness elements or dissatisfiers identify with the circumstance wherein the individual does what the individual in question does while inspirations or the satisfiers identifies with what an individual does. Maslow presented his progression of requirements which is about how individuals fulfill different individual needs with regards to their work. He likewise estimated that an individual couldn't perceive or seek after the following more significant need in the chain of importance until their presently perceived need was considerably or totally fulfilled. The two previously mentioned speculations are comparable with regards to perceiving that there are a few components/needs that influence a person’s demeanor towards work. Especially in Herzberg’s hypothesis, elements may fulfill or disappoint a laborers execution in the organization; it can make them or break them. While Maslow’s pecking order of necessities expressed that there are needs which individually ought to be fulfilled, to improve his capacities as an individual or as a laborer in an organization. These stages ought to be gradually and totally fulfilled before going up on the pyramid of requirements. So in onclusion, these two hypotheses shared factor is the fulfillment of one’s requirements for them to work all the more emphatically. Notwithstanding their likenesses, Herzberg’s cleanliness variables and inspirations are equivalent to the physiological needs in Maslow’s pecking order of requirements. b) Differences Herzberg’s hypothesis of inspiration includes the cleanliness components and sparks. These components are distinctive such that cleanliness factors are called dissatisfiers while helpers are the satisfiers. Such factors like the organization approach, relational relations, management, working conditions and pay are cleanliness factors. The nonappearance of cleanliness variables can make work disappointment, however their quality doesn't persuade or make fulfillment. Inspirations then again, are the variables that improved a person’s work. There are five determinants of sparks; accomplishment, acknowledgment, works itself, duty and progression. Maslow’s progressive system of necessities is named as follows, starting from the base on the pyramid to the top; physiological requirements, wellbeing needs, social needs, regard needs and self-completion. As people fulfill one degree of need, their inspiration change as they seek to arrive at the higher request needs. Physiological requirements are thirst, yearning and sex. Wellbeing needs are security, steadiness and assurance. Social needs are the break to depression, love and belongingness, to adore and be cherished. Regard needs are confidence, the regard to other people. Self-realization is to satisfy one’s possibilities. Essentially, the two speculations contrast in the part of the acknowledgment of the various factors or needs that an individual/pioneer must mull over. Something else is Herzberg’s hypothesis is about the variables which influence a person’s mentality about work while Maslow’s pecking order of requirements is about the different individual needs with regards to their work. 2. Portray the advantages to an association of having a propelled workforce. At the point when an association has a roused workforce, the advantages are commonly picked up. It’s like hitting two winged creatures with one stone, it might sound repetitive however indeed, it’s valid. You gain cash and simultaneously you gain your laborers trust and brotherhood. For instance, in our store, at whatever point there are high pace of deals, we give impetuses. On the off chance that there are times when we see that our laborers make some hard memories working, similar to stocks have shown up, we give additional tidbits. We treat our laborers in our store as well as an individual from our family, yet there are constraints and we adhere to a meaningful boundary among pioneer and specialist in order to dodge harsh practices. During special seasons or birthday celebrations, we welcome them to go along with us in our excursion. We considered this to be an opportunity for us to become acquainted with our laborers better outside our store, how they are as a person. We additionally go somewhat further in realizing what inspires them, what they need, and how to fulfill their necessities, since recognizing what rouses our laborers makes our relationship in the store, simple and compelling. 3. Investigate the contrast between cleanliness variables and sparks. Cleanliness factors are called as the dissatisfiers; they are the activity factors which are fundamental for inspiration in a working environment. The nearness of these elements doesn't prompt positive fulfillment for long haul. Be that as it may, if these variables are missing or on the off chance that these components are non-existent at work environment, at that point they lead to disappointment. As it were, cleanliness factors are those elements which when sufficient or sensible in an occupation, mollify the representatives and don't make them disappointed. These components are outward to work. Cleanliness factors are likewise called as support factorsâ as they are required to dodge disappointment. These variables depict the activity condition or situation. The cleanliness factors represent the physiological needs which the people needed and expected to be satisfied. Cleanliness factors include: ? Pay-The compensation or pay structure ought to be proper and sensible. It must be equivalent and serious to those in a similar industry in a similar space. Organization Policies and authoritative strategies The organization approaches ought not be excessively unbending. They ought to be reasonable and clear. It should incorporate adaptable working hours, clothing standard, breaks, get-away, and so on ? Incidental advantages The workers ought to be offered human services plans, benefits for the relatives and representative assistance programs. ? Physical Working conditions-The working conditions ought to be sheltered, spotless and sterile. The work types of gear ought to be refreshed and very much kept up. ? Status-The employees’ status inside the association ought to be natural and held. Relational relations-The relationship of the representatives with his companions, bosses and subordinates ought to be fitting and worthy. There ought to be no contention or embarrassment component present. ? Professional stability The association must give employer stability to the workers. Sparks then again are factors which are characteristic to work. These variables spur the workers for an unrivaled presentation. These components are called satisfiers. These are factors associated with playing out the activity. Representatives discover these components characteristically fulfilling. The sparks represented the mental needs that were seen as an extra advantage. Persuasive components include: ? Acknowledgment The representatives ought to be adulated and perceived for their achievements by the directors. ? Feeling of accomplishment The representatives must have a feeling of accomplishment. This relies upon the activity. There must be a product or the like in the activity. ? Development and special open doors There must be development and headway openings in an association to rouse the workers to perform well. ? Obligation The representatives must consider themselves liable for the work. The chiefs should give them responsibility for work. They ought to limit control yet hold responsibility. 4. Assess the advantages to associations of utilizing diverse inspiration draws near. In the event that an association utilizes various types of inspiration draws near, they are bound to accomplish a superior working environment with laborers who are very much roused. For what reason is this so? since the various speculations of inspiration proposes a ton of tips and difficulties for the organization to apply for them to accomplish a superior and more joyful individuals in the working office. Another is that the organization heads will have the option to fulfill each part needs prompting fulfillment and inspiration, just as keeping away from the dissatisfiers that may result to disadvantages. Spurring the individuals from your organization makes them progressively dedicated and they will confide in you since they will feel that they are imperative to the organization they are working into. Applying different sorts of inspiration speculations additionally makes the workplace all the more energizing and fascinating, so your laborers are progressively energetic in coming to work each day and at last creation gainful, productive and serious business. Along these lines, you are picking up cash as well as you are likewise ready to help other people develop themselves as a specialist and as proficient and compelling individuals from the general public.

Comparative Employment Relations Essay - 3300 Words

Comparative Employment Relations (Essay Sample) Content: Writing Comparative Employment Relations Customers NameCustomers Grade CourseCustomer tutors NameOutlineThis is a paper which gives a precise discussion on the following areas of discussions which relate to employment relations in the world with specific examples being given for a clearer understanding. The first one is in comparing and contrasting the system of employment relations in Australia and Sweden, and also for Australia and Japan. After that there is the analysis on to which extent the systems of employment relations have changed since 1945. The paper also gives an evaluation on the role that international organisations have played in employment relations systems, and finally on the issue of globalization theories. Comparison between the Role System of Employment Relations in Australia and SwedenCollective bargaining in terms of employment relation is something that differs depending on the nations. For instance, Australia is known to have the most of the re stricted ones among the entire developed world. Basically, the issue of collective bargaining in Sweden is controlled by social role and it is applied in the level of industries. The role of trade unions in Australia is to advocate for the rights of the employees as well as to advocate for the social rights of their members (Rodger, 2008, P. 32). On the other hand in Sweden the trade unions mainly to coordinate the process of bargaining for the wages of the employees. The role of employers in Australia is to ensure that the workers are provided with the right and favourable environment to work in while the work of employers in Sweden is to supervise and pay the employees. The role of the state in Australia as far as the issue of employment system is concerned is to provide the legal requirement as far as the any issue is concerned. All polices and the laws are included while in Sweden, the state is involved in providing employment opportunities to the many people of its population t hat are not working (David, 1999, P. 200). The state of the economy in Sweden has provided an opportunity for the people to get employed since it is in a state of getting improved. While the economy of Australia being greatly dependent on agriculture, is offering employment on that sector to many. This means that there is a great difference between the two countries. It is therefore, just to say that the employment system in Australia is much better.In the two countries, there have been a number of differences when it comes to the nature of collective bargaining. Such has been greatly pronounced in Australia in comparison with Australia. Such has been the case due to the fact that the country is a more pronounced socialistic economic (Rodger, 2008, P. 39). This has reduced level of individualism and thus collectivism has always been promoting bargaining, something which is in contrary to the individualistic Sweden society. The issues of trade unions have been more pronounced in Swed en and not much as with Australia since the economic systems favours the greatest majority of the population. This means that, in a country like Sweden, which is a pure capital economy, there has been a proliferation of collective bargaining and trade unions which help in addressing the issues of the greatest majority. The employers range from agricultural to industrial while in Australia there is the tourism sector and entertainment and the government sectors which have been employing the greatest majority of employees. The states in the two nations has been playing a great role in establishing the trade patterns and employment relations between employees and employers, and this has been achieved through the adoption of policy implementations which have been effective in such nations. Another important worth considering is the state of economy in the countries. For instance, the economy of Sweden is much stable and has been able to have better employee-employer satisfactions which are not the exact thing with Australia (David, 1999, P. 36). However, the two economies have significantly been heavily impacted by the present economic crisis. However, with the new adoptions which have been put in place, there has been the constant redress of employee issues, and as well there have been legislations and innovations which have been aimed in making sure that there has been the adequate realization of goals and as well provide majority of the populations with the best employment opportunities and by so doing improve the overall statuses of the economies. The approach has been in coming up with measures which address the present economic meltdown and coming up with a promising plan for the future performance.Comparing the System of Employment Relations in Australia and JapanThere is a very distinct difference between the role of collective bargaining with reference to employment in Japan and in Australia. While in Australia, it is known to have the most of the restric tions on the workers, being under developed countries in Japan it gives the employees a chance to ask for their right and a room for reconciliation between them and the employers. The role of trade unions in Japan is basically to give all the employees a platform to negotiate for their terms and conditions, while in Australia is to advocate for the rights of the employees as well as to advocate for the social rights of their members (David, 1999, P. 356). In Australia, the role of employers being to ensure that the workers are provided with the right and favourable environment to work, in Japan their role is to identify the individual needs of the employees and then deal with them. The State in Australia is concerned with providing the legal requirement as far as the any issue is concerned. All polices and the laws are included while in Japan, the state is responsible for the provision of equal opportunities for employment to each and every person as well as economic opportunities t o all companies in the country. The state of the economy right now in Japan is responsible for providing better opportunities for everyone in the nation while in Australia it is to provide opportunity and help to them that are in the agricultural business and industrial business being the greatest income generating departments. This means that the employment system in Japan is better off and it is mindful of everyone despite what they are involved in (David, 1999, P. 79).Australia and Japan are two nations which have been having varying patterns and developments which define their employment patterns. For instance, the fact China and Japan are some of the well known nations which have been founded on very stable social societies and with self proclaimed socialism, it is worth noting that there will definitely with a number of differences which come along with the developments which have taken place in history. Australia is a capital economy and thus the two nations shall have varyin g developments and modalities with their employment patterns. The employment relations in Japan are thus stable with more and more individuals involved in business and other economic processes. This has seen increased employment rate thus helping in economic development and establishment. This has seen reduced collective bargaining in comparison with Australia which has different economic and employment relation and systems (Rodger, 2008, P. 32). The trade unions are not pronounced in Japan as compared with Australia. The Japanese economy has well employed individuals, something which has been positive for the economy. However, in the two nations, the states have been playing diverse roles and policy implementations which have great influences on the business performances and realization of economic goals.Japan happens to have a far much stable economic status in comparison with Australia. In that case, Japan has been able to achieve better economic performance and thus creating the largest employment opportunities. This has encompassed the fishing and the manufacturing industry which have been able to employ very many people (Indiana, 1994, P. 15). Going by what has been learned with the employment relations between different groups such as employees, employers, the state and the economy, we can see that the two nations have the potential of advancing their economic missions, and by so doing we shall have a much stable economic for each nation. Looking at the presently portrayed trends in the employment relations, we shall predict better performances in the coming days since the two nations have been intelligently involved in addressing the problems of the current economic crunch which has been hitting such nations presently. Basically, the economic systems in the nations have been greatly influencing the employment relations, and thus governing labour provisions and thus being able to give guidelines and legislations which govern the workplace performance.An alysis of the Extent to Which Changes in the Systems of Employment Relations Since 1945There has been a record of great transformation in the systems of employment all over the world. This is due to a number of factors of which the most significant is the industrial revolution. In Asia and Australia for instance, there has been a great transformation due to some of the challenges that have been experienced a change was automatic. Most of the employment relations have for instance changed from being the ones that are concerns with peaceful labour and stability to a point of great demands in flexibility. One of the reasons for such a drift is the change in the social, political and technical environments (Rodger, 2008, P. 67). These changes in the external environment are very instrumental in initiating changes in the employment system in terms of requirements for the workers and also the payment. Also due to the issue of comp...

Prostitution And The Worlds Oldest Profession - 2225 Words

When looking into Prostitution women are usually thought to be the lowest form a part of the human species, people make assumptions as to why a women would even bother with the idea of subjecting herself to harsh treatment by others, people often correlate the idea of prostitution with human trafficking. That each of these categories are of association, prostitution is â€Å"the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment.† While human trafficking is â€Å"the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.† Each of these subjects demonstrates different meanings but express the same sense of ideas, which will be looked into too. â€Å"Prostitution is said to be†¦show more content†¦One reason for this is that human children require care for a long time. So, a female with child must be able to trade sex for protection and food since she cannot hunt effectively with a child. Historically speaking, prostitution is as old as civilization. Prostitution in 1949, the United Nations had adopted a resolution in favor of the decriminalization of prostitution, which has been sanctioned by fifty countries, meaning that it was approved, in that time era the average age of someone entering prostitution was an average of fourteen years old- that was during the approval of it- regardless of that there was till the fear of predators, due to that at least seventy-five percent of prostitutes worldwide were sexually and physically abused children who felt the need to turn into that lifestyle. The majority of the younger prostitutes began to acquire drug or alcohol addiction due to the abuse. According to readings in H.G. Cocks and M. Houlbrook, author the personal dangers of sexual advertising also known as prostitution in Britain during the early twentieth century; As stated â€Å"Prostitution is rooted in highly gendered and moral beliefs about female and male sexuality, women’s labour and the status of women within society, and throughout history people have been seeking explanations for its existence and, most of all, for why women sell sex.† (Laite, 2004)

Computer Technology And Its Effect On Society - 1490 Words

Over the last five years, computer technology, a digital device that automatically operates information and data, has been speedily varying and increasing in every field. It has brought many benefits to modern society. For example, technological advances will change society and home since there are many high technology systems will be installed, which will improve the quality of life. Communication become easier through one click because of the popularization of Internet. Also, using computer technology will enhance students’ learning. Obviously, these benefits certainly have huge impact on lifestyle at work, in recreation and for social networking. These transforming ways of our lives get benefited from the computer technology. However, there are many who get addicted to the evils of it. For instance, users will easily get addicted to online shopping, developing to an endless shopping desires. Furthermore, computer technology provides a convenient channel to online gambling and online games. These two online entertainment today are like drugs, gradually turn into a problematic issue for teenagers. Thus, computer technology has affected the normal lifestyles from almost all respects of life, but it seems like it is not for the betterment. First of all, computer technology is beneficial because its advances will change society and home. In fact, computer technology has been developed intelligently and customizable, which should easily measure and tract one’s own behavior. ItShow MoreRelatedComputer Technology and the Effects on Society1564 Words   |  7 PagesComputer Technology and the Effects on S Computer Technology and the Effect on Society Computer technology has had a great effect on society as a whole throughout history. It has modified our behavior greatly as we have become accustomed to the technological advancements of yesterday. 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While society has benefited from this â€Å"power†, there are still ethical concerns that need attention such as privacy of data, security, reliability of data, intellectual property, and accessibility.Read MoreThe Effects Of Computers On Children s Early Childhood Education Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesnearly impossible to keep up without technology. Computers especially, are needed in most American’s everyday lives. So why would early childhood education be any different? From the beginning stages, there has always been a debate of whether computers have a positive or negative impact on children, young children especially. As computers have intergraded themselves into many children’s lives and their education, the debate is even more prominent. Supporters of computer use in early childhood education

Disaster Recovery Planning free essay sample

Disaster recovery planning can best be defined as an organization’s procedures for continuing operations in the event of the destruction of program and data files, as well as processing capability. In the case of any disaster or incident that causes a stop in the continuing work, businesses must be prepared with a business continuity plan, or a way to resume the activities required to keep your organization running during a period of displacement or interruption of normal operation. Due to the amount of money being dealt with and the high demand of services from banking institutions during times of a community disaster, banks must find a way to continue business. A proactive approach is critical to banks and planning is crucial to disaster recovery to avoid potential problems before they ever occur. Banks were among the earliest adopters of information technology in the business world. They embraced the benefits of computers almost from the birth of the high-tech industry. However, being so highly dependent on technology can cause banks to suffer at a time of disaster and is the reason why they should be well prepared for it so they can minimize the damage. If a bank were without a disaster recovery and business continuity plan and disaster occurred, they would be in huge trouble as IT is an integral part of their operations. Not only would the bank suffer but the economy would as well. The cost and effort it takes to put a disaster recovery plan in place and maintain it is well worth it considering how catastrophic it would be if a bank could not operate. There are several steps and matters that must be looked into in the disaster recovery planning process. The steps in a disaster recovery plan are assessing the risks, identifying mission-critical applications and data, developing a plan for handling the mission-critical applications, determining the responsibilities of the personnel involved, and testing the disaster recovery plan. Risk assessment is one of the biggest steps in disaster recovery planning. Risk assessment is a process that identifies, quantifies, and prioritizes risks against criteria for risk acceptance and business objectives relevant to the organization. It is something that should be performed periodically as changes in the environment and security requirements occur regularly. When developing a disaster recovery and business continuity plan, a bank must weigh how vulnerable they are to a disaster. The threat of a disaster can spell big trouble in the banking sector. Anything that may pose as a threat to disrupting their business should be addressed and an effort should be made to try and prevent or minimize any damage that could be incurred. Because of their extremely high vulnerability to a disaster, it is essential for them to do everything they can to have the best recovery plan to continue business. Once risk assessment is completed, identification of applications that are critical to accomplishing the business’s mission is essential. In other words, priorities should be set as to what is more important to the organization and what is not. This is a critical step because unfortunately in a disaster not everything will be able to be recovered, but you must have what is necessary to continue on with business. One way of going about this is going department by department in a business and seeing the function of each. Once this is done, you can rank the functions in order of what is most important. Backup files must be put in place as well as important telephone numbers and other important information being saved and stored in a secure storage location away from the regular location. Now that the bank has come to see what applications are absolutely necessary to continue business, designing a plan for handling this is the next step. There are many different strategies and ideas of recovery that must be taken into consideration. There are three different basic strategies that can be used in a disaster recovery plan. These strategies are preventative measures, detective measures, and corrective measure. Preventative measures are measures and actions taken to try and prevent disaster from striking. The bank is looking to identify and reduce risks. Obviously in the case of a natural disaster such as a hurricane or tornado or any weather related event, there is only so much that can be done. However outside of that, other things can be done to prevent a disaster such as implementation of access controls or having programs for security awareness. Detective measures are controls that identify conditions that indicated that an undesirable event has occurred. Examples of this are intrusion detection systems and audit logs. Corrective measures are measures designed to fix or correct any type of damage that has already taken place from a disaster. Some alternative ways of continuing business are storing all the critical applications in either a hot site, warm site, or cold site. A hot site is an off-site location that holds all of the company’s major applications and can take over the company’s data processing. This type of location may also hold backup copies of essential data and programs. Typically after a disaster, business can be continued at a hot site within a few hours. Backup data being loaded onto the standby equipment is the only thing that needs to be done. A warm site is a facility that is already stocked with all the hardware that it takes to create a reasonable duplicate of the primary data center. If disaster should occur, business can continue at a warm site within a day. A cold site has all the electrical connections and other physical requirements for data processing, but it does not have the actual equipment. Business can resume after a disaster anywhere from one to three days at a cold site. Hardware at a cold site is typically very generic and can be quickly obtained from vendors. A big difference between these sites is the cost involved. A hot site, due to its capability of continuing business quicker than both a warm site and cold site is obviously going to have the highest cost of the three. A warm site on the other hand, is a compromise between a hot site and cold site, cheaper than a hot site, but more costly than a cold site, which is the cheapest of the three. Banks, because they have so much at stake and the most demand during a disaster, would more likely than not be willing to invest money in the best possible state of the art type recovery plan. Because of the importance of a constant business flow for banks, electronic vaulting has become a more popularly used method. Electronic vaulting is the electronic transfer of data to a backup site. Two components of electronic vaulting are remote shadowing and mirroring. These components allow banks to replicate information exactly as they have it to a remote location. This transfer is obviously much quicker and simpler than the physical transferring and shipping of backup disks and tapes. More and more, banks and financial institutions are using electronic vaulting over a hot site in their disaster recovery plans. Shadowing and mirroring close the window of recovery for a bank’s mission-critical applications so that instead of waiting hours to recover at hot site, banks can be up and running again almost instantly when disaster occurs. While it is more expensive to invest in electronic vaulting, the money may be well worth it if business is not put to a halt upon the strike of disaster. Once a bank has put together a plan with all the suitable measures necessary and the best off-site location to resume business, a disaster recovery team should be assigned with specific responsibilities. Management must decide who does what. There are many different responsibilities involved in a disaster recovery plan. Personnel must be assigned to areas or teams such as administrative functions, facilities, logistics, user support, computer backup, and restoration. Each area of the plan should have a manager along with team members that perform different assignments. With a plan developed and teams now in place, a disaster recovery plan is still not considered complete. The next step is testing the plan. Testing is necessary to ensure that there are no loose ends or flaws in the plan. During a test run, often times management can see areas that need to be modified or have something added to the plan to make it as perfect as possible. It also provides preparation for the team managers and team members. The only way to ensure perfection is by practicing. By testing the plan, you can also get an idea of how long it will take for the bank to recover from a disaster and resume business activity. Once all testing has been concluded, it is then time to propose the plan to top management and get their approval of it before making the plan official. Having a disaster recovery plan implemented definitely provides a sense of security for banks and financial institutions. It also minimizes the risk of having delays. If disaster occurs, there is no wasted time in making a decision on what should be done. Simply follow the procedures of the plan in place and everything should go smoothly. As you can see, there is much more to disaster recovery planning than simply selecting an offsite location. Disaster recovery within the banking industry is something that will continue to evolve. Disaster recovery solutions will typically follow as banks and financial institutions become more sophisticated technology users. Planning for a disaster must be something that is done every step of the way. The key to successful disaster recovery is what happens long before a disaster strikes. With a realistic and secure recovery plan, properly tested and committed to by senior management, banks can effectively maintain operations while providing for the safety of people and assets.